Tổng quan
Để kiểm tra hiệu suất IOPS (Input/Output Operations Per Second) trên một Volume, bạn có thể sử dụng công cụ fio.
Cảnh báo
Việc thực hiện kiểm tra hiệu suất IOPS có thể gây ảnh hưởng tới Volume của bạn. Chúng tôi khuyên bạn nên sao lưu dữ liệu bằng cách tạo snapshot của Volume hoặc tạo Volume mới không chứa dữ liệu để thử nghiệm. Để biết thêm thông tin, hãy xem phần Snapshot .
Các bước thực hiện
Bên dưới là hướng dẫn chi tiết và kết quả mẫu cho 3 bài test kiểm tra hiệu suất IOPS Read và Write đồng thời, chỉ Read, chỉ Write vào Volume. Cụ thể, một số cấu hình chúng tôi sử dụng như sau:
Ubuntu Version: 1_Ubuntu-22.04x64
Kiểm tra hiệu suất đồng thời random read & random write
Tạo một server với ổ đĩa Volume loại NVME với IOPS 5000 tại trang chủ vServer:
Chạy lệnh sau để cài đặt FIO :
Ubuntu/Debian :
Copy sudo apt update
sudo apt install fio -y CentOS/RHEL :
Copy sudo yum install fio -y Tạo 1 file 4GB, sau đó chạy câu lệnh bên dưới để thực hiện việc read/write đồng thời với blocksize 4KB theo tỉ lệ 75% – 25% (tức 3 read/1 write) và thực hiện đồng thời 64 tác vụ một lúc (Tỉ lệ 3:1 rất phổ biến và xấp xỉ với các dạng database hiện nay):
Với chỉ 1 job chạy, bạn có thể dùng lệnh:
Copy sudo fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --gtod_reduce=1 --name=TGS --filename=TGS --bs=4k --iodepth=64 --size=4G --readwrite=randrw --rwmixread=75 --numjobs=1 Với 8 jobs chạy đồng thời, bạn có thể sử dụng:
Copy sudo fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --gtod_reduce=1 --name=TGS --filename=TGS --bs=4k --iodepth=64 --size=4G --readwrite=randrw --rwmixread=75 --numjobs=8 Ngoài ra, bạn có thể thay đổi một vài thông số theo điều kiện mô tả bên dưới:
--randrepeat=1: Sử dụng cùng một seed ngẫu nhiên cho các bài kiểm tra.
--ioengine=libaio: Chỉ định I/O Engine, libaio (Linux asynchronous I/O) là một phương thức I/O không đồng bộ, phù hợp cho các bài kiểm tra hiệu suất I/O trên Linux.
--direct=1: Bỏqua bộ đệm của hệ điều hành (OS cache) khi thực hiện I/O.
--gtod_reduce=1:Giảm độ chính xác của timestamp (giảm số lần gọi gettimeofday), giúp giảm tác động đến hiệu suất và cải thiện tính chính xác của bài kiểm tra.
--name=TGS: Tên bài kiểm tra
--filename=TGS: Tên file kiểm tra
--iodepth=64: Độ sâu hàng đợi (queue depth) là 64, tức là tối đa 64 yêu cầu I/O có thể chờ xử lý cùng lúc.
--rwmixread=75: Tỷ lệ giữa đọc và ghi là 75:25.
--readwrite=randrw: Thực hiện đọc/ghi ngẫu nhiên.
--size=4G: Tổng kích thước dữ liệu cần kiểm tra.
--bs=blocksize=4k: Kích thước block (4KB là phổ biến để kiểm tra IOPS).
--numjobs=8: Số lượng job chạy đồng thời.
Dưới đây là kết quả ghi nhận được (với cấu hình 4 core 8 GB)
Khi bạn thiết lập numjob = 1 :
Copy TGS: (g=0): rw=randrw, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
fio-3.28
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [m(1)][100.0%][r=14.5MiB/s,w=5196KiB/s][r=3709,w=1299 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
TGS: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=66983: Fri Dec 27 08:45:29 2024
read: IOPS=3748, BW=14.6MiB/s (15.4MB/s)(3070MiB/209636msec)
bw ( KiB/s): min=14480, max=17728, per=100.00%, avg=15006.60, stdev=226.44, samples=418
iops : min= 3620, max= 4432, avg=3751.65, stdev=56.61, samples=418
write: IOPS=1252, BW=5012KiB/s (5132kB/s)(1026MiB/209636msec); 0 zone resets
bw ( KiB/s): min= 4536, max= 6256, per=100.00%, avg=5015.60, stdev=190.53, samples=418
iops : min= 1134, max= 1564, avg=1253.90, stdev=47.63, samples=418
cpu : usr=1.06%, sys=6.39%, ctx=939035, majf=0, minf=7
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=785920,262656,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=14.6MiB/s (15.4MB/s), 14.6MiB/s-14.6MiB/s (15.4MB/s-15.4MB/s), io=3070MiB (3219MB), run=209636-209636msec
WRITE: bw=5012KiB/s (5132kB/s), 5012KiB/s-5012KiB/s (5132kB/s-5132kB/s), io=1026MiB (1076MB), run=209636-209636msec
Disk stats (read/write):
sda: ios=785024/262487, merge=0/48, ticks=12943132/437608, in_queue=13380944, util=100.00% Khi bạn thiết lập numjob = 8:
Copy TGS: (g=0): rw=randrw, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
...
fio-3.28
Starting 8 processes
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [_(1),m(1),_(6)][100.0%][r=14.5MiB/s,w=4960KiB/s][r=3719,w=1240 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
TGS: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=1454: Fri Dec 27 08:37:31 2024
read: IOPS=474, BW=1899KiB/s (1944kB/s)(3070MiB/1655679msec)
bw ( KiB/s): min= 680, max= 3712, per=12.65%, avg=1899.92, stdev=364.08, samples=3309
iops : min= 170, max= 928, avg=474.92, stdev=91.05, samples=3309
write: IOPS=158, BW=635KiB/s (650kB/s)(1026MiB/1655679msec); 0 zone resets
bw ( KiB/s): min= 152, max= 1336, per=12.66%, avg=634.95, stdev=141.81, samples=3309
iops : min= 38, max= 334, avg=158.71, stdev=35.45, samples=3309
cpu : usr=0.13%, sys=0.43%, ctx=276151, majf=0, minf=7
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=785920,262656,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
TGS: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=1455: Fri Dec 27 08:37:31 2024
read: IOPS=468, BW=1874KiB/s (1919kB/s)(3067MiB/1676092msec)
bw ( KiB/s): min= 608, max=14436, per=12.47%, avg=1872.46, stdev=474.65, samples=3350
iops : min= 152, max= 3609, avg=468.05, stdev=118.67, samples=3350
write: IOPS=157, BW=629KiB/s (644kB/s)(1029MiB/1676092msec); 0 zone resets
bw ( KiB/s): min= 176, max= 5154, per=12.54%, avg=628.25, stdev=172.93, samples=3350
iops : min= 44, max= 1288, avg=157.03, stdev=43.22, samples=3350
cpu : usr=0.16%, sys=0.42%, ctx=290477, majf=0, minf=9
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=785179,263397,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
TGS: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=1456: Fri Dec 27 08:37:31 2024
read: IOPS=471, BW=1885KiB/s (1931kB/s)(3070MiB/1667591msec)
bw ( KiB/s): min= 608, max= 3664, per=12.56%, avg=1886.29, stdev=358.69, samples=3333
iops : min= 152, max= 916, avg=471.51, stdev=89.69, samples=3333
write: IOPS=157, BW=630KiB/s (645kB/s)(1026MiB/1667591msec); 0 zone resets
bw ( KiB/s): min= 200, max= 1304, per=12.58%, avg=630.13, stdev=139.36, samples=3333
iops : min= 50, max= 326, avg=157.50, stdev=34.83, samples=3333
cpu : usr=0.16%, sys=0.42%, ctx=279562, majf=0, minf=9
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=786007,262569,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
TGS: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=1457: Fri Dec 27 08:37:31 2024
read: IOPS=471, BW=1884KiB/s (1930kB/s)(3071MiB/1668845msec)
bw ( KiB/s): min= 704, max= 4472, per=12.56%, avg=1885.38, stdev=367.18, samples=3336
iops : min= 176, max= 1118, avg=471.28, stdev=91.82, samples=3336
write: IOPS=157, BW=629KiB/s (644kB/s)(1025MiB/1668845msec); 0 zone resets
bw ( KiB/s): min= 208, max= 1384, per=12.56%, avg=629.35, stdev=138.18, samples=3336
iops : min= 52, max= 346, avg=157.31, stdev=34.54, samples=3336
cpu : usr=0.14%, sys=0.43%, ctx=279931, majf=0, minf=8
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=786156,262420,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
TGS: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=1458: Fri Dec 27 08:37:31 2024
read: IOPS=469, BW=1877KiB/s (1923kB/s)(3072MiB/1675283msec)
bw ( KiB/s): min= 568, max= 7304, per=12.51%, avg=1878.59, stdev=429.34, samples=3349
iops : min= 142, max= 1826, avg=469.58, stdev=107.35, samples=3349
write: IOPS=156, BW=626KiB/s (641kB/s)(1024MiB/1675283msec); 0 zone resets
bw ( KiB/s): min= 144, max= 2320, per=12.50%, avg=626.56, stdev=158.62, samples=3349
iops : min= 36, max= 580, avg=156.61, stdev=39.64, samples=3349
cpu : usr=0.15%, sys=0.42%, ctx=288230, majf=0, minf=8
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=786322,262254,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
TGS: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=1459: Fri Dec 27 08:37:31 2024
read: IOPS=477, BW=1909KiB/s (1954kB/s)(3073MiB/1648859msec)
bw ( KiB/s): min= 600, max= 3720, per=12.72%, avg=1909.87, stdev=363.42, samples=3296
iops : min= 150, max= 930, avg=477.41, stdev=90.88, samples=3296
write: IOPS=158, BW=635KiB/s (650kB/s)(1023MiB/1648859msec); 0 zone resets
bw ( KiB/s): min= 104, max= 1312, per=12.68%, avg=635.52, stdev=138.71, samples=3296
iops : min= 26, max= 328, avg=158.85, stdev=34.67, samples=3296
cpu : usr=0.14%, sys=0.42%, ctx=276105, majf=0, minf=9
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=786765,261811,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
TGS: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=1460: Fri Dec 27 08:37:31 2024
read: IOPS=471, BW=1887KiB/s (1932kB/s)(3072MiB/1667012msec)
bw ( KiB/s): min= 688, max= 3864, per=12.57%, avg=1887.81, stdev=350.52, samples=3332
iops : min= 172, max= 966, avg=471.89, stdev=87.66, samples=3332
write: IOPS=157, BW=629KiB/s (644kB/s)(1024MiB/1667012msec); 0 zone resets
bw ( KiB/s): min= 184, max= 1384, per=12.56%, avg=629.62, stdev=136.59, samples=3332
iops : min= 46, max= 346, avg=157.38, stdev=34.14, samples=3332
cpu : usr=0.13%, sys=0.44%, ctx=276590, majf=0, minf=8
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=786314,262262,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
TGS: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=1461: Fri Dec 27 08:37:31 2024
read: IOPS=469, BW=1880KiB/s (1925kB/s)(3074MiB/1674605msec)
bw ( KiB/s): min= 600, max= 5608, per=12.52%, avg=1880.19, stdev=423.17, samples=3347
iops : min= 150, max= 1402, avg=469.99, stdev=105.81, samples=3347
write: IOPS=156, BW=625KiB/s (640kB/s)(1022MiB/1674605msec); 0 zone resets
bw ( KiB/s): min= 168, max= 2088, per=12.48%, avg=625.04, stdev=159.39, samples=3347
iops : min= 42, max= 522, avg=156.23, stdev=39.84, samples=3347
cpu : usr=0.14%, sys=0.44%, ctx=287417, majf=0, minf=8
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=786981,261595,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=14.7MiB/s (15.4MB/s), 1874KiB/s-1909KiB/s (1919kB/s-1954kB/s), io=24.0GiB (25.8GB), run=1648859-1676092msec
WRITE: bw=5009KiB/s (5129kB/s), 625KiB/s-635KiB/s (640kB/s-650kB/s), io=8199MiB (8597MB), run=1648859-1676092msec
Disk stats (read/write):
sda: ios=6279077/2104043, merge=11772/10995, ticks=397920368/24398012, in_queue=422384834, util=100.00%
Kết luận:
Khi tăng số lượng job (numjob=8), IOPS tổng (IOPS tổng hợp từ tất cả các job) đảm bảo đã đạt mức IOPS = 5000 .
Với numjob=1, Read IOPS: 3748 và Write IOPS: 1252. Kết quả này đảm bảo đã đạt mức IOPS = 5000 .
Kiểm tra hiệu suất random read
Thực hiện các bước 1,2,3 tương tự trường hợp Kiểm tra hiệu suất đồng thời random read và random write.
Tạo 1 file 4GB, sau đó chạy câu lệnh bên dưới để chỉ thực hiện việc read với blocksize 4KB theo tỉ lệ 100% (tức toàn bộ chỉ read) và thực hiện đồng thời 64 tác vụ một lúc:
Với chỉ 1 job chạy, bạn có thể dùng lệnh:
Copy sudo fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --gtod_reduce=1 --name=TGS --filename=TGS --bs=4k --iodepth=64 --size=4G --readwrite=randread --numjobs=1 Với 8 jobs chạy đồng thời, bạn có thể sử dụng:
Copy sudo fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --gtod_reduce=1 --name=TGS --filename=TGS --bs=4k --iodepth=64 --size=4G --readwrite=randread --numjobs=8 Dưới đây là kết quả ghi nhận được:
Khi bạn thiết lập numjob = 1 :
Copy TGS: (g=0): rw=randread, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
fio-3.28
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [r(1)][100.0%][r=19.5MiB/s][r=5003 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
TGS: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=66992: Fri Dec 27 08:55:43 2024
read: IOPS=5002, BW=19.5MiB/s (20.5MB/s)(4096MiB/209618msec)
bw ( KiB/s): min=19864, max=23992, per=100.00%, avg=20025.43, stdev=195.36, samples=418
iops : min= 4966, max= 5998, avg=5006.36, stdev=48.84, samples=418
cpu : usr=1.01%, sys=6.15%, ctx=915643, majf=0, minf=71
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=1048576,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=19.5MiB/s (20.5MB/s), 19.5MiB/s-19.5MiB/s (20.5MB/s-20.5MB/s), io=4096MiB (4295MB), run=209618-209618msec
Disk stats (read/write):
sda: ios=1047448/18, merge=0/5, ticks=13385109/25, in_queue=13385134, util=100.00% Khi bạn thiết lập numjob = 8:
Copy TGS: (g=0): rw=randread, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
...
fio-3.28
Starting 8 processes
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [_(6),r(1),_(1)][100%][r=19.5MiB/s][r=5004 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
TGS: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=67019: Fri Dec 27 09:34:16 2024
read: IOPS=626, BW=2508KiB/s (2568kB/s)(4096MiB/1672501msec)
bw ( KiB/s): min= 633, max=10028, per=12.51%, avg=2508.96, stdev=569.55, samples=3344
iops : min= 158, max= 2507, avg=627.18, stdev=142.40, samples=3344
cpu : usr=0.13%, sys=0.41%, ctx=297140, majf=0, minf=70
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=1048576,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
TGS: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=67020: Fri Dec 27 09:34:16 2024
read: IOPS=629, BW=2517KiB/s (2578kB/s)(4096MiB/1666112msec)
bw ( KiB/s): min= 768, max= 4936, per=12.56%, avg=2518.86, stdev=475.31, samples=3331
iops : min= 192, max= 1234, avg=629.66, stdev=118.83, samples=3331
cpu : usr=0.13%, sys=0.40%, ctx=286577, majf=0, minf=73
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=1048576,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
TGS: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=67021: Fri Dec 27 09:34:16 2024
read: IOPS=628, BW=2512KiB/s (2572kB/s)(4096MiB/1669595msec)
bw ( KiB/s): min= 704, max= 4904, per=12.54%, avg=2513.51, stdev=484.30, samples=3338
iops : min= 176, max= 1226, avg=628.32, stdev=121.08, samples=3338
cpu : usr=0.14%, sys=0.40%, ctx=286580, majf=0, minf=71
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=1048576,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
TGS: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=67022: Fri Dec 27 09:34:16 2024
read: IOPS=628, BW=2513KiB/s (2573kB/s)(4096MiB/1668976msec)
bw ( KiB/s): min= 632, max= 5048, per=12.54%, avg=2514.58, stdev=507.70, samples=3337
iops : min= 158, max= 1262, avg=628.59, stdev=126.93, samples=3337
cpu : usr=0.13%, sys=0.40%, ctx=294892, majf=0, minf=71
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=1048576,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
TGS: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=67023: Fri Dec 27 09:34:16 2024
read: IOPS=627, BW=2511KiB/s (2571kB/s)(4096MiB/1670313msec)
bw ( KiB/s): min= 808, max= 5979, per=12.53%, avg=2511.70, stdev=508.10, samples=3339
iops : min= 202, max= 1494, avg=627.87, stdev=127.02, samples=3339
cpu : usr=0.12%, sys=0.41%, ctx=291621, majf=0, minf=71
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=1048576,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
TGS: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=67024: Fri Dec 27 09:34:16 2024
read: IOPS=627, BW=2510KiB/s (2570kB/s)(4096MiB/1670929msec)
bw ( KiB/s): min= 832, max= 7880, per=12.53%, avg=2511.61, stdev=528.38, samples=3341
iops : min= 208, max= 1970, avg=627.84, stdev=132.09, samples=3341
cpu : usr=0.13%, sys=0.40%, ctx=291707, majf=0, minf=70
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=1048576,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
TGS: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=67025: Fri Dec 27 09:34:16 2024
read: IOPS=626, BW=2505KiB/s (2565kB/s)(4096MiB/1674276msec)
bw ( KiB/s): min= 721, max=20024, per=12.48%, avg=2502.90, stdev=763.78, samples=3347
iops : min= 180, max= 5006, avg=625.67, stdev=190.95, samples=3347
cpu : usr=0.14%, sys=0.41%, ctx=303280, majf=0, minf=72
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=1048576,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
TGS: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=67026: Fri Dec 27 09:34:16 2024
read: IOPS=628, BW=2513KiB/s (2573kB/s)(4096MiB/1669191msec)
bw ( KiB/s): min= 848, max= 4928, per=12.54%, avg=2514.00, stdev=513.98, samples=3337
iops : min= 212, max= 1232, avg=628.44, stdev=128.50, samples=3337
cpu : usr=0.14%, sys=0.39%, ctx=292611, majf=0, minf=72
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=1048576,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=19.6MiB/s (20.5MB/s), 2505KiB/s-2517KiB/s (2565kB/s-2578kB/s), io=32.0GiB (34.4GB), run=1666112-1674276msec
Disk stats (read/write):
sda: ios=8371218/25, merge=16847/6, ticks=422350060/186, in_queue=422350252, util=100.00%
Kết luận:
Khi tăng số lượng job (numjob=8), Read IOPS tổng (IOPS tổng hợp từ tất cả các job) đảm bảo đã đạt mức IOPS = 5000 .
Với numjob=1, Read IOPS: 5002. Kết quả này đảm bảo đã đạt mức IOPS = 5000 .
Kiểm tra hiệu suất random write
Thực hiện các bước 1,2,3 tương tự trường hợp Kiểm tra hiệu suất đồng thời random read và random write. (Để tăng độ đa dạng, trong ví dụ này, tôi sẽ tăng IOPS của Volume này lên 10000 thay vì 5000, các cấu hình còn lại tôi giữ nguyên).
Tạo 1 file 4GB, sau đó chạy câu lệnh bên dưới để chỉ thực hiện việc write với blocksize 4KB theo tỉ lệ 100% (tức toàn bộ chỉ write) và thực hiện đồng thời 64 tác vụ một lúc:
Với chỉ 1 job chạy, bạn có thể dùng lệnh:
Copy sudo fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --gtod_reduce=1 --name=TGS --filename=TGS --bs=4k --iodepth=64 --size=4G --readwrite=randwrite --numjobs=1 Với 8 jobs chạy đồng thời, bạn có thể sử dụng:
Copy sudo fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --gtod_reduce=1 --name=TGS --filename=TGS --bs=4k --iodepth=64 --size=4G --readwrite=randwrite --numjobs=8 Dưới đây là kết quả ghi nhận được:
Khi bạn thiết lập numjob = 1 :
Copy TGS: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
fio-3.28
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [w(1)][100.0%][w=39.1MiB/s][w=10.0k IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
TGS: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=67053: Fri Dec 27 09:47:50 2024
write: IOPS=10.0k, BW=39.1MiB/s (41.0MB/s)(4096MiB/104775msec); 0 zone resets
bw ( KiB/s): min=39824, max=47872, per=100.00%, avg=40067.29, stdev=545.02, samples=209
iops : min= 9956, max=11968, avg=10016.82, stdev=136.26, samples=209
cpu : usr=1.59%, sys=8.58%, ctx=891397, majf=0, minf=7
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=0,1048576,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
WRITE: bw=39.1MiB/s (41.0MB/s), 39.1MiB/s-39.1MiB/s (41.0MB/s-41.0MB/s), io=4096MiB (4295MB), run=104775-104775msec
Disk stats (read/write):
sda: ios=0/1047478, merge=0/24, ticks=0/6680115, in_queue=6680435, util=99.99% Khi bạn thiết lập numjob = 8:
Copy TGS: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
...
fio-3.28
Starting 8 processes
Jobs: 1 (f=0): [_(6),f(1),_(1)][100.0%][w=44.1MiB/s][w=11.3k IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
TGS: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=67058: Fri Dec 27 10:02:37 2024
write: IOPS=1254, BW=5018KiB/s (5139kB/s)(4096MiB/835782msec); 0 zone resets
bw ( KiB/s): min= 2669, max=12456, per=12.52%, avg=5019.11, stdev=781.23, samples=1670
iops : min= 667, max= 3114, avg=1254.74, stdev=195.31, samples=1670
cpu : usr=0.27%, sys=0.79%, ctx=269253, majf=0, minf=6
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=0,1048576,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
TGS: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=67059: Fri Dec 27 10:02:37 2024
write: IOPS=1261, BW=5045KiB/s (5166kB/s)(4096MiB/831365msec); 0 zone resets
bw ( KiB/s): min= 2944, max= 7504, per=12.59%, avg=5047.65, stdev=647.34, samples=1661
iops : min= 736, max= 1876, avg=1261.88, stdev=161.84, samples=1661
cpu : usr=0.27%, sys=0.79%, ctx=262815, majf=0, minf=8
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=0,1048576,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
TGS: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=67060: Fri Dec 27 10:02:37 2024
write: IOPS=1259, BW=5038KiB/s (5159kB/s)(4096MiB/832552msec); 0 zone resets
bw ( KiB/s): min= 2816, max= 8808, per=12.57%, avg=5041.52, stdev=675.10, samples=1664
iops : min= 704, max= 2202, avg=1260.35, stdev=168.77, samples=1664
cpu : usr=0.27%, sys=0.79%, ctx=263818, majf=0, minf=8
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=0,1048576,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
TGS: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=67061: Fri Dec 27 10:02:37 2024
write: IOPS=1264, BW=5057KiB/s (5178kB/s)(4096MiB/829428msec); 0 zone resets
bw ( KiB/s): min= 2808, max= 7400, per=12.62%, avg=5059.43, stdev=659.53, samples=1657
iops : min= 702, max= 1850, avg=1264.82, stdev=164.88, samples=1657
cpu : usr=0.27%, sys=0.78%, ctx=263498, majf=0, minf=7
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=0,1048576,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
TGS: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=67062: Fri Dec 27 10:02:37 2024
write: IOPS=1253, BW=5014KiB/s (5134kB/s)(4096MiB/836601msec); 0 zone resets
bw ( KiB/s): min= 2672, max=16752, per=12.51%, avg=5015.98, stdev=856.28, samples=1672
iops : min= 668, max= 4188, avg=1253.96, stdev=214.06, samples=1672
cpu : usr=0.29%, sys=0.78%, ctx=273352, majf=0, minf=7
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=0,1048576,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
TGS: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=67063: Fri Dec 27 10:02:37 2024
write: IOPS=1258, BW=5035KiB/s (5156kB/s)(4096MiB/832948msec); 0 zone resets
bw ( KiB/s): min= 3136, max= 7400, per=12.56%, avg=5037.31, stdev=664.81, samples=1664
iops : min= 784, max= 1850, avg=1259.29, stdev=166.20, samples=1664
cpu : usr=0.26%, sys=0.80%, ctx=264159, majf=0, minf=6
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=0,1048576,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
TGS: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=67064: Fri Dec 27 10:02:37 2024
write: IOPS=1252, BW=5012KiB/s (5132kB/s)(4096MiB/836927msec); 0 zone resets
bw ( KiB/s): min= 2800, max=16440, per=12.47%, avg=5000.63, stdev=849.81, samples=1672
iops : min= 700, max= 4110, avg=1250.12, stdev=212.45, samples=1672
cpu : usr=0.25%, sys=0.79%, ctx=276394, majf=0, minf=7
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=0,1048576,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
TGS: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=67065: Fri Dec 27 10:02:37 2024
write: IOPS=1253, BW=5014KiB/s (5134kB/s)(4096MiB/836501msec); 0 zone resets
bw ( KiB/s): min= 2680, max=13896, per=12.50%, avg=5011.05, stdev=786.42, samples=1671
iops : min= 670, max= 3474, avg=1252.73, stdev=196.60, samples=1671
cpu : usr=0.29%, sys=0.78%, ctx=272760, majf=0, minf=7
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=0,1048576,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
WRITE: bw=39.2MiB/s (41.1MB/s), 5012KiB/s-5057KiB/s (5132kB/s-5178kB/s), io=32.0GiB (34.4GB), run=829428-836927msec
Disk stats (read/write):
sda: ios=0/8367804, merge=0/18890, ticks=0/211109530, in_queue=211112656, util=100.00%
Kết luận:
Khi tăng số lượng job (numjob=8), Write IOPS tổng (IOPS tổng hợp từ tất cả các job) đảm bảo đã đạt mức IOPS = 10000 .
Với numjob=1, Read IOPS: 10k. Kết quả này đảm bảo đã đạt mức IOPS = 10000 .
Giám sát hiệu suất ổ đĩa bằng vMonitor Platform
Hiện tại, hệ thống vServer và vMonitor Platform đã tích hợp sẵn Dashboard giúp bạn quản lý các thông só của server của bạn (bao gồm cả thông số IOPS). Cụ thể, bạn có thể thực hiện theo các bước:
Chọn mục Dashboard , sau đó chọn All VNG Cloud
Tiếp tục tìm và chọn vào Dashboard chứa tên server của bạn, tên Dashboard này sẽ có định dạng: vServer-tên-server-xxxx
Tại màn hình chi tiết Dashboard , bạn có thể thấy biểu đồ thể hiện thông số IOPS tại biểu đồ bên dưới:
Kết quả thử nghiệm kiểm tra hiệu suất ổ đĩa VNG Cloud
IO DEPTH
VOLUME TYPE
IOPS MAX
I/O READ
I/O WRITE
I/O READ+WRITE
Shared IOPS with other customer
Shared IOPS with other customer
Shared IOPS with other customer
